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Contoso University Application Written In ASP.NET Core MVC, Entity Framework Core And .NET 8

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Hello,

Here's an upgrade of the Contoso University from .NET Core 3.1 to .NET 8. The only major change that I made was seeding the data to the database. The .NET Core 3.1 version used another class to initialize data and the logic was to loop through each the array variable and then add each array element to the DBContext object. After all array records have been added to the context object, call the context's SaveChanges() method.
.NET Core 3.1 Seed Data Solution 
public static class DbInitializer
    {
        public static void Initialize(SchoolContext context)
        {
            //context.Database.EnsureCreated();

            // Look for any students.
            if (context.Students.Any())
            {
                return;   // DB has been seeded
            }

            var students = new Student[]
            {
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Carson",   LastName = "Alexander",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2010-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Meredith", LastName = "Alonso",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Arturo",   LastName = "Anand",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Gytis",    LastName = "Barzdukas",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Yan",      LastName = "Li",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Peggy",    LastName = "Justice",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2011-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Laura",    LastName = "Norman",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Nino",     LastName = "Olivetto",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01") }
            };

            foreach (Student s in students)
            {
                context.Students.Add(s);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var instructors = new Instructor[]
            {
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Kim",     LastName = "Abercrombie",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1995-03-11") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Fadi",    LastName = "Fakhouri",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2002-07-06") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Roger",   LastName = "Harui",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1998-07-01") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Candace", LastName = "Kapoor",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2001-01-15") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Roger",   LastName = "Zheng",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2004-02-12") }
            };

            foreach (Instructor i in instructors)
            {
                context.Instructors.Add(i);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var departments = new Department[]
            {
                new Department { Name = "English",     Budget = 350000,
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID },
                new Department { Name = "Mathematics", Budget = 100000,
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID },
                new Department { Name = "Engineering", Budget = 350000,
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID },
                new Department { Name = "Economics",   Budget = 100000,
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID }
            };

            foreach (Department d in departments)
            {
                context.Departments.Add(d);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var courses = new Course[]
            {
                new Course {CourseID = 1050, Title = "Chemistry",      Credits = 3,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Engineering").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 4022, Title = "Microeconomics", Credits = 3,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 4041, Title = "Macroeconomics", Credits = 3,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 1045, Title = "Calculus",       Credits = 4,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 3141, Title = "Trigonometry",   Credits = 4,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 2021, Title = "Composition",    Credits = 3,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 2042, Title = "Literature",     Credits = 4,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID
                },
            };

            foreach (Course c in courses)
            {
                context.Courses.Add(c);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var officeAssignments = new OfficeAssignment[]
            {
                new OfficeAssignment {
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID,
                    Location = "Smith 17" },
                new OfficeAssignment {
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID,
                    Location = "Gowan 27" },
                new OfficeAssignment {
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID,
                    Location = "Thompson 304" },
            };

            foreach (OfficeAssignment o in officeAssignments)
            {
                context.OfficeAssignments.Add(o);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var courseInstructors = new CourseAssignment[]
            {
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Zheng").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Zheng").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID
                    },
            };

            foreach (CourseAssignment ci in courseInstructors)
            {
                context.CourseAssignments.Add(ci);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var enrollments = new Enrollment[]
            {
                new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.A
                },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.C
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                        StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                        StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Barzdukas").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Li").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Justice").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    }
            };

            foreach (Enrollment e in enrollments)
            {
                var enrollmentInDataBase = context.Enrollments.Where(
                    s =>
                            s.Student.ID == e.StudentID &&
                            s.Course.CourseID == e.CourseID).SingleOrDefault();
                if (enrollmentInDataBase == null)
                {
                    context.Enrollments.Add(e);
                }
            }
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
Whereas in .NET 8, I only need to initialize the data in the context class and seeding data only needs one method per entity which is the ModelBuilder's HasData() method.
.NET 8 Seed Data Solution 
public class SchoolContext : DbContext
{
    public SchoolContext(DbContextOptions<SchoolContext> options) : base(options)
    {
    }

    public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Department> Departments { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Instructor> Instructors { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
    public DbSet<OfficeAssignment> OfficeAssignments { get; set; }
    public DbSet<CourseAssignment> CourseAssignments { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        var students = new Student[]
        {
            new Student { ID=1, FirstMidName = "Carson",   LastName = "Alexander",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2010-09-01") },
            new Student { ID=2, FirstMidName = "Meredith", LastName = "Alonso",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
            new Student { ID=3, FirstMidName = "Arturo",   LastName = "Anand",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
            new Student { ID=4, FirstMidName = "Gytis",    LastName = "Barzdukas",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
            new Student { ID=5, FirstMidName = "Yan",      LastName = "Li",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
            new Student { ID=6, FirstMidName = "Peggy",    LastName = "Justice",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2011-09-01") },
            new Student { ID=7, FirstMidName = "Laura",    LastName = "Norman",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
            new Student { ID=8, FirstMidName = "Nino",     LastName = "Olivetto",
                EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01") }
        };
        modelBuilder.Entity<Student>().HasData(students);

        var instructors = new Instructor[]
        {
            new Instructor { ID=1, FirstMidName = "Kim",     LastName = "Abercrombie",
                HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1995-03-11") },
            new Instructor { ID=2, FirstMidName = "Fadi",    LastName = "Fakhouri",
                HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2002-07-06") },
            new Instructor { ID=3, FirstMidName = "Roger",   LastName = "Harui",
                HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1998-07-01") },
            new Instructor { ID=4, FirstMidName = "Candace", LastName = "Kapoor",
                HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2001-01-15") },
            new Instructor { ID=5, FirstMidName = "Roger",   LastName = "Zheng",
                HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2004-02-12") }
        };
        modelBuilder.Entity<Instructor>().HasData(instructors);

        var departments = new Department[]
        {
            new Department { DepartmentID=1, Name = "English",     Budget = 350000,
                StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID },
            new Department { DepartmentID=2, Name = "Mathematics", Budget = 100000,
                StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID },
            new Department { DepartmentID=3, Name = "Engineering", Budget = 350000,
                StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID },
            new Department { DepartmentID=4, Name = "Economics",   Budget = 100000,
                StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID }
        };
        modelBuilder.Entity<Department>().HasData(departments);

        var courses = new Course[]
        {
            new Course {CourseID = 1050, Title = "Chemistry",      Credits = 3,
                DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Engineering").DepartmentID
            },
            new Course {CourseID = 4022, Title = "Microeconomics", Credits = 3,
                DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID
            },
            new Course {CourseID = 4041, Title = "Macroeconomics", Credits = 3,
                DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID
            },
            new Course {CourseID = 1045, Title = "Calculus",       Credits = 4,
                DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID
            },
            new Course {CourseID = 3141, Title = "Trigonometry",   Credits = 4,
                DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID
            },
            new Course {CourseID = 2021, Title = "Composition",    Credits = 3,
                DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID
            },
            new Course {CourseID = 2042, Title = "Literature",     Credits = 4,
                DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID
            },
        };
        modelBuilder.Entity<Course>().HasData(courses);

        var officeAssignments = new OfficeAssignment[]
        {
            new OfficeAssignment {
                InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID,
                Location = "Smith 17" },
            new OfficeAssignment {
                InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID,
                Location = "Gowan 27" },
            new OfficeAssignment {
                InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID,
                Location = "Thompson 304" }
        };
        modelBuilder.Entity<OfficeAssignment>().HasData(officeAssignments);

        var courseInstructors = new CourseAssignment[]
        {
            new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID
                },
            new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID
                },
            new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Zheng").ID
                },
            new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Zheng").ID
                },
            new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID
                },
            new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID
                },
            new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID
                },
            new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID
                },
        };
        modelBuilder.Entity<CourseAssignment>().HasData(courseInstructors);
        
        var enrollments = new Enrollment[]
        {
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 1,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.A
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 2,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.C
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 3,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.B
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 4,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.B
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 5,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.B
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 6,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.B
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 7,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 8,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics").CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.B
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 9,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Barzdukas").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry").CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.B
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 10,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Li").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition").CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.B
            },
            new Enrollment {
                EnrollmentID = 11,
                StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Justice").ID,
                CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature").CourseID,
                Grade = Grade.B
            }
        };
        modelBuilder.Entity<Enrollment>().HasData(enrollments);

        modelBuilder.Entity<Course>().ToTable("Course");
        modelBuilder.Entity<Enrollment>().ToTable("Enrollment");
        modelBuilder.Entity<Student>().ToTable("Student");
        modelBuilder.Entity<Department>().ToTable("Department");
        modelBuilder.Entity<Instructor>().ToTable("Instructor");
        modelBuilder.Entity<OfficeAssignment>().ToTable("OfficeAssignment");
        modelBuilder.Entity<CourseAssignment>().ToTable("CourseAssignment");
        modelBuilder.Entity<CourseAssignment>()
            .HasKey(c => new { c.CourseID, c.InstructorID });
        modelBuilder.Entity<Department>()
            .Property(p => p.RowVersion).IsConcurrencyToken();

        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
    }
}
Output:
Contoso University Application Written In ASP.NET Core MVC, Entity Framework Core And .NET 8
Contoso University Application Written In ASP.NET Core MVC, Entity Framework Core And .NET 8

Source Code: Github

Cheers!

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